1. Why should you use double referencing?

to correct for ligand versus reference differences
to correct for blank (buffer only) injections
to correct for bulk differences in the analyte
to correct for drift during the analyte injection

2. Why should you use the 'Kinetic inject' method?

to separate the sample from the flow buffer
to have slow injections
to have lower bulk shift jumps
to have better dissociation curves

3. Why should duplo’s be in separate capped vials?

to minimize sample dilution
to minimize sample evaporation
to minimize carry over between samples
to minimize sample loss to the vial wall

4. With a slow dissociation, the best set up is to use

multi cycle kinetics
single cycle titration kinetics
short & long kinetics
steady state kinetics

5. Randomization of the samples is done because

it minimizes systematic errors
it can reveal systematic errors
it proves the system is reproducible
it minimizes carry over between samples

6. To get a better estimation of the kinetics you

repeat the method on the same sensor chip
use a wide analyte concentration range
add more analyte injections in the method
repeat the method with different ligand and analyte batches

7. How do you detect mass transport limitation?

by immobilizing less ligand
by varying the flow rate during analyte injection
by injection several analyte concentrations
by varying the analyte injection time

8. What can you try to minimize non-specific binding?

use a low pH running buffer
use a higher flow rate
lower the analyte concentration
adding more salt or detergent to the running buffer

9. What can you do when there is baseline drift?

use a higher flow rate
immobilize less ligand
flow for a longer period of time with flow buffer
ad more salt or detergent to the running buffer

10. What is the best analyte concentration range to inject?

0 – 1 µM
0 – 100% of Rmax
0.1 – 10 times the expected KD
at least one concentration should saturate the ligand

11. Replicate analyte injections are done

to prove the system is stable and reproducible
to have more curves to analyse
to reveal dilution errors
to minimize systematic errors